"Map of Near and Remote Oceania, with ice-age sea levels, language families, Polynesian paternal and maternal lineages, and archaeological dates. (a) The distribution of Austronesian subfamilies and their phylogenetic relationships. The Malayo-Polynesian (MP) languages include Western (WMP), Central and Eastern (CEMP), Central (CMP) and Eastern (EMP) Malayo-Polynesian, as well as South Halmahera/Western New Guinea (SHWNG) and Oceanic. The Oceanic subfamily includes Nuclear Micronesian and Polynesian languages. Shading indicates the approximate coastline during the last glacial maximum. (b) Distribution of the predominant paternal (blue) and maternal (red) Polynesian lineages among modern populations. (c) Age of the earliest evidence for permanent settlement for Neolithic (black) and post-Neolithic (blue) archaeological sites throughout the region. Particularly on islands, exploration could be earlier."
Source: Hurles, M. E., Matisoo-Smith, E., Gray, R. D., & Penny, D. (2003). Untangling Oceanic settlement: The edge of the knowable. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18(10), 531–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00245-3
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